Brown_bear_predation

Data and code for Pop et al., 2023 - Predictors of brown bear predation events on livestock in the Romanian Carpathians

GENERAL INFORMATION

Title: Predictors of brown bear predation events on livestock in the Romanian Carpathians

Author Information (data):
Principal Investigator Contact Information
Name: Mihai I. Pop
Institution: Centre for Environmental Research (CCMESI), University of Bucharest, Address: 1 N. Balcescu,Bucharest, Romania
Email:

Author Information (code):
Data Analysis Contact Information
Name: Marissa A. Dyck
Institution: Ohio University, Address: 57 Oxbow Trail 107 Irvine Hall, Athens, Ohio, USA 45701.
Email:

Date of data collection: 2008 - 2016

Geographic location of data collection: Romania

Information about funding sources that supported the collection of the data: The data collection was partially funded by the European Commission LIFE Nature Programme 32 within the project LIFE08/NAT/RO/000500.The work of MIP and CIJ was supported by a grant 33 of the Romanian Ministry of Education and Research, CNCS- UEFISCDI, project number PN-34III-P1-1.1-PD-2019-1207, within PNCDI III. MAD and VDP were supported by the Ohio35 University, Department of Biological Sciences

SHARING/ACCESS INFORMATION

Licenses/restrictions placed on the data: None

Link to publications that cite: [Link to publication]

Recommended citation for this dataset: Pop, Mihai I., et al. (2023), Data from: Predictors of brown bear predation events on livestock in the Romanian Carpathians Dataset

Recommended citation for this manuscript: Pop, M. I., Dyck, M. A., Chiriac, S., Lajos, B., Szabó, S., Iojă, C. I., & Popescu, V. D. (2023). Predictors of brown bear predation events on livestock in the Romanian Carpathians. Conservation Science and Practice , e12884. https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.12884.

DATA & FILE OVERVIEW

File List:

Files in main folder

  • Brown_bear_predation.Rproj; R project to run code for Pop et al., 2023
  • README.html; a web browser version of this README file
  • README.md; a markdown version of this README file that can be altered in Rstudio

Files in data folder

/raw

  • pagube_2008_2016_spatial.csv; contains raw data for brown bear predation of all livestock types in Romania from 2008-2016 and pesudo-absences

/processed

  • cows.csv; contains data for brown bear predation of cows specifically in Romania from 2008-2016 and pesudo-absences - a subset of data from the pagube_2008_2016_spatial.csv
  • sheep.csv; contains data for brown bear predation of sheep specifically in Romania from 2008-2016 and pesudo-absences - a subset of data from the pagube_2008_2016_spatial.csv
  • other.csv; contains data for brown bear predation of other livestock types in Romania from 2008-2016 and pesudo-absences - a subset of data from the pagube_2008_2016_spatial.csv

Files in scripts folder

  • brown_bear_predation_data_formatting.R; R script with code for formatting the raw data for Pop et al., 2023
  • brown_bear_predation_glmm; R script with code for generalized linear mixed effect models used in Pop et al., 2023raw

METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION

Description of methods used for collection/generation of data: Methodological details are provided in the paper [https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/showCitFormats?doi=10.1111%2Fcsp2.12884&mobileUi=0]

Methods for processing the data: We used generalized linear mixed effects models with a binomial distribution to process the data. Full details can be found in the paper (link above).

Instrument- or software-specific information needed to interpret the data: We used program R version 4.4.1 with package lme4.

People involved with sample collection, processing, analysis and/or submission: The data was collected by three local EPAs (within the framework of the EU LIFE Nature project123LIFEURSUS LIFE08/NAT/RO/000500)

DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: [ pagube_2008_2016_spatial.csv]

  • Number of variables: 24
  • Number of observations/rows: 3024

Variable List:

  • damage, binary indicator for presence/absence of livestock damage caused by brown bears (0 = no damage 1 = damage)
  • year, factor describing the year the damage was recorded
  • month, numeric notation describing the month the damage was recorded (1 = January)
  • targetspp, indicator of the livestock type affected
  • point_x, UTM Northing for livestock damage
  • point_y, UTM Easting for livestock damage
  • bear_abund, relative bear abundance estimated by hunters in 2016 and recorded at the game unit level
  • landcover_code, the landcover type in 2018 as defined by CORINE Land Cover Classification system.
  • altitude, the altitude at the location recorded in meters.
  • human_population, number of people living in administrative units
  • dist_to_forest, distance to nearest forest measured in meters
  • dist_to_town, distance to nearest human settlement (defined as artificial surface class in CORINE Land Cover) measured in meters
  • livestock_killed, number of livestock killed per incident
  • shannondivindex, shannon diversity index for flora
  • prop_arable, proportion of arable land (defined by CORINE Land Cover classification) in 10 km2 area around location
  • prop_orchards, proportion of orchards/permanent crops (defined by CORINE Land Cover classification) in 10 km2 area around location
  • prop_pasture, proportion of pastures (defined by CORINE Land Cover classification) in 10 km2 area around location
  • prop_ag_mosaic, proportion of heterogeneous agricultural areas (defined by CORINE Land Cover classification) in 10 km2 area around location
  • prop_seminatural, proportion of aseminatural areas (defined by CORINE Land Cover classification) in 10 km2 area around location
  • prop_deciduous, proportion of deciduous forests (defined by CORINE Land Cover classification) in 10 km2 area around location
  • prop_coniferous, proportion of coniferous forests (defined by CORINE Land Cover classification) in 10 km2 area around location
  • prop_mixedforest, proportion of mixed forests (defined by CORINE Land Cover classification) in 10 km2 area around location
  • prop_grassland, proportion of grasslands (defined by CORINE Land Cover classification) in 10 km2 area around location
  • prop_for_regen, proportion of transitional woodland-shrub (defined by CORINE Land Cover classification) in 10 km2 area around location

DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: [ cows.csv]

  • Number of variables: 34
  • Number of cases/rows: 1620

Variable List:

  • damage, binary indicator for presence/absence of livestock damage caused by brown bears (0 = no damage 1 = damage)
  • year, factor describing the year the damage was recorded
  • month, numeric notation describing the month the damage was recorded (1 = January)
  • targetspp, indicator of the livestock type affected
  • point_x, UTM Northing for livestock damage
  • point_y, UTM Easting for livestock damage
  • bear_abund, relative bear abundance estimated by hunters in 2016 and recorded at the game unit level
  • landcover_2, grouped classification of CORINE Land Cover variables from landcover_code (see brown_bear_predation_data_formatting for specific groupings)
  • altitude, the altitude at the location recorded in meters
  • human_population, number of people living in administrative units
  • dist_to_forest, distance to nearest forest measured in meters
  • dist_to_town, distance to nearest human settlement (defined as artificial surface class in CORINE Land Cover) measured in meters
  • livestock_killed, number of livestock killed per incident
  • shannondivindex, shannon diversity index for flora
  • prop_arable, proportion of arable land (defined by CORINE Land Cover classification) in 10 km2 area around location prop_orchards, proportion of orchards/permanent crops (defined by CORINE Land Cover classification) in 10 km2 area around location
  • prop_pasture, proportion of pastures (defined by CORINE Land Cover classification) in 10 km2 area around location
  • prop_ag_mosaic, proportion of heterogeneous agricultural areas (defined by CORINE Land Cover classification) in 10 km2 area around location
  • prop_seminatural, proportion of aseminatural areas (defined by CORINE Land Cover classification) in 10 km2 area around location
  • prop_deciduous, proportion of deciduous forests (defined by CORINE Land Cover classification) in 10 km2 area around location
  • prop_coniferous, proportion of coniferous forests (defined by CORINE Land Cover classification) in 10 km2 area around location
  • prop_mixedforest, proportion of mixed forests (defined by CORINE Land Cover classification) in 10 km2 area around location
  • prop_grassland, proportion of grasslands (defined by CORINE Land Cover classification) in 10 km2 area around location
  • prop_for_regen, proportion of transitional woodland-shrub (defined by CORINE Land Cover classification) in 10 km2 area around location
  • openhab_10k, proportion of open habitat (landcover_2 grouping) extracted within a 10km2 area around each location (using a moving window approach in GIS), scaled and centered
  • forest_10k, proportion of forest (landcover_2 grouping) extracted within a 10km2 area around each location (using a moving window approach in GIS), scaled and centered
  • urban_10k, proportion of artificial surfaces (landcover_2 grouping) extracted within a 10km2 area around each location (using a moving window approach in GIS), scaled and centered
  • heteroag_10k, proportion of heterogenous agriculture (landcover_2 grouping) extracted within a 10km2 area around each location (using a moving window approach in GIS), scaled and centered
  • ag_10k, proportion of agricultural land (landcover_2 grouping) extracted within a 10km2 area around each location (using a moving window approach in GIS), scaled and centered
  • shdi_10k, shannon diversity index for flora calculated for a 10km2 area around each location (using a moving window approach in GIS) and based on CORINE Land Cover 2012 classes, scaled and centered
  • s.bear_abund, scaled and centered bear_abund
  • s.altitude, scaled and centered altitude
  • s.dist_to_town, scaled and centered dist_to_town
  • s.dist_to_forest, scaled and centered dist_to_forest

DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: [ sheep.csv]

  • Number of variables: 34
  • Number of cases/rows: 844

Variable List:

  • damage, binary indicator for presence/absence of livestock damage caused by brown bears (0 = no damage 1 = damage)
  • year, factor describing the year the damage was recorded
  • month, numeric notation describing the month the damage was recorded (1 = January)
  • targetspp, indicator of the livestock type affected
  • point_x, UTM Northing for livestock damage
  • point_y, UTM Easting for livestock damage
  • bear_abund, relative bear abundance estimated by hunters in 2016 and recorded at the game unit level
  • landcover_2, grouped classification of CORINE Land Cover variables from landcover_code (see brown_bear_predation_data_formatting for specific groupings)
  • altitude, the altitude at the location recorded in meters
  • human_population, number of people living in administrative units
  • dist_to_forest, distance to nearest forest measured in meters
  • dist_to_town, distance to nearest human settlement (defined as artificial surface class in CORINE Land Cover) measured in meters
  • livestock_killed, number of livestock killed per incident
  • shannondivindex, shannon diversity index for flora
  • prop_arable, proportion of arable land (defined by CORINE Land Cover classification) in 10 km2 area around location prop_orchards, proportion of orchards/permanent crops (defined by CORINE Land Cover classification) in 10 km2 area around location
  • prop_pasture, proportion of pastures (defined by CORINE Land Cover classification) in 10 km2 area around location
  • prop_ag_mosaic, proportion of heterogeneous agricultural areas (defined by CORINE Land Cover classification) in 10 km2 area around location
  • prop_seminatural, proportion of aseminatural areas (defined by CORINE Land Cover classification) in 10 km2 area around location
  • prop_deciduous, proportion of deciduous forests (defined by CORINE Land Cover classification) in 10 km2 area around location
  • prop_coniferous, proportion of coniferous forests (defined by CORINE Land Cover classification) in 10 km2 area around location
  • prop_mixedforest, proportion of mixed forests (defined by CORINE Land Cover classification) in 10 km2 area around location
  • prop_grassland, proportion of grasslands (defined by CORINE Land Cover classification) in 10 km2 area around location
  • prop_for_regen, proportion of transitional woodland-shrub (defined by CORINE Land Cover classification) in 10 km2 area around location
  • openhab_10k, proportion of open habitat (landcover_2 grouping) extracted within a 10km2 area around each location (using a moving window approach in GIS), scaled and centered
  • forest_10k, proportion of forest (landcover_2 grouping) extracted within a 10km2 area around each location (using a moving window approach in GIS), scaled and centered
  • urban_10k, proportion of artificial surfaces (landcover_2 grouping) extracted within a 10km2 area around each location (using a moving window approach in GIS), scaled and centered
  • heteroag_10k, proportion of heterogenous agriculture (landcover_2 grouping) extracted within a 10km2 area around each location (using a moving window approach in GIS), scaled and centered
  • ag_10k, proportion of agricultural land (landcover_2 grouping) extracted within a 10km2 area around each location (using a moving window approach in GIS), scaled and centered
  • shdi_10k, shannon diversity index for flora calculated for a 10km2 area around each location (using a moving window approach in GIS) and based on CORINE Land Cover 2012 classes, scaled and centered
  • s.bear_abund, scaled and centered bear_abund
  • s.altitude, scaled and centered altitude
  • s.dist_to_town, scaled and centered dist_to_town
  • s.dist_to_forest, scaled and centered dist_to_forest

DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: [ other.csv]

  • Number of variables: 34
  • Number of cases/rows: 536

Variable List:

  • damage, binary indicator for presence/absence of livestock damage caused by brown bears (0 = no damage 1 = damage)
  • year, factor describing the year the damage was recorded
  • month, numeric notation describing the month the damage was recorded (1 = January)
  • targetspp, indicator of the livestock type affected
  • point_x, UTM Northing for livestock damage
  • point_y, UTM Easting for livestock damage
  • bear_abund, relative bear abundance estimated by hunters in 2016 and recorded at the game unit level
  • landcover_2, grouped classification of CORINE Land Cover variables from landcover_code (see brown_bear_predation_data_formatting for specific groupings)
  • altitude, the altitude at the location recorded in meters
  • human_population, number of people living in administrative units
  • dist_to_forest, distance to nearest forest measured in meters
  • dist_to_town, distance to nearest human settlement (defined as artificial surface class in CORINE Land Cover) measured in meters
  • livestock_killed, number of livestock killed per incident
  • shannondivindex, shannon diversity index for flora
  • prop_arable, proportion of arable land (defined by CORINE Land Cover classification) in 10 km2 area around location prop_orchards, proportion of orchards/permanent crops (defined by CORINE Land Cover classification) in 10 km2 area around location
  • prop_pasture, proportion of pastures (defined by CORINE Land Cover classification) in 10 km2 area around location
  • prop_ag_mosaic, proportion of heterogeneous agricultural areas (defined by CORINE Land Cover classification) in 10 km2 area around location
  • prop_seminatural, proportion of aseminatural areas (defined by CORINE Land Cover classification) in 10 km2 area around location
  • prop_deciduous, proportion of deciduous forests (defined by CORINE Land Cover classification) in 10 km2 area around location
  • prop_coniferous, proportion of coniferous forests (defined by CORINE Land Cover classification) in 10 km2 area around location
  • prop_mixedforest, proportion of mixed forests (defined by CORINE Land Cover classification) in 10 km2 area around location
  • prop_grassland, proportion of grasslands (defined by CORINE Land Cover classification) in 10 km2 area around location
  • prop_for_regen, proportion of transitional woodland-shrub (defined by CORINE Land Cover classification) in 10 km2 area around location
  • openhab_10k, proportion of open habitat (landcover_2 grouping) extracted within a 10km2 area around each location (using a moving window approach in GIS), scaled and centered
  • forest_10k, proportion of forest (landcover_2 grouping) extracted within a 10km2 area around each location (using a moving window approach in GIS), scaled and centered
  • urban_10k, proportion of artificial surfaces (landcover_2 grouping) extracted within a 10km2 area around each location (using a moving window approach in GIS), scaled and centered
  • heteroag_10k, proportion of heterogenous agriculture (landcover_2 grouping) extracted within a 10km2 area around each location (using a moving window approach in GIS), scaled and centered
  • ag_10k, proportion of agricultural land (landcover_2 grouping) extracted within a 10km2 area around each location (using a moving window approach in GIS), scaled and centered
  • shdi_10k, shannon diversity index for flora calculated for a 10km2 area around each location (using a moving window approach in GIS) and based on CORINE Land Cover 2012 classes, scaled and centered
  • s.bear_abund, scaled and centered bear_abund
  • s.altitude, scaled and centered altitude
  • s.dist_to_town, scaled and centered dist_to_town
  • s.dist_to_forest, scaled and centered dist_to_forest